Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney with liver metastasis: A case report and literature review.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare spindle cell soft tissue tumor which is rarely encountered in the clinical setting and imaging findings are nonspecific, mainly occurring in the tissue structure of the serosa. However, there is very little report on SFT originating in the kidney in the medical literature. We report a case of SFT with liver metastasis in an adult female and discuss the pathological features as it appears in our case.

[Metastatic tumors in the ovary, difficulties of histologic diagnosis]. / A petefészek áttéti tumorai, a szövettani diagnosztika problémái.

The ovary is a common site of metastases. Secondary tumors account for 3-40% of all ovarian malignancies. Most ovarian metastases arise from the colon, although tumors of the breast, stomach and endometrium are also common places of origin. Clinical and histological features of metastatic tumors frequently mimic primary ovarian malignancies, causing serious diagnostic problems for the surgical pathologist. However, differentiation between primary ovarian cancer and ovarian metastasis is important in order to prevent inappropriate management and suboptimal treatment. The distinction between primary and secondary ovarian malignancies is especially difficult in cases when the metastasis is diagnosed before the primary tumor. Frozen section is widely used in the intra-operative assessment of patients with ovarian tumors but it can be very difficult to distinguish certain types of primary ovarian tumors and metastases from other sites. We examined 152 cases of secondary ovarian neoplasm diagnosed at the National Institute of Oncology, Hungary from 2000 to 2014. Colorectal cancer was the most common primary tumor (58 cases), followed by breast (33 cases), endometrium (30 cases) and stomach cancer (13 cases). The differential diagnosis proved the most difficult in cases when endometrioid and mucinous tumors were present in the ovaries. Metastases of colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas may simulate benign or borderline cystadenomas too. In these cases the knowledge of the patient's history and immunohistochemical stains were helpful. In our study we discuss the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing these secondary ovarian tumors from primary ovarian neoplasms and the limits of the intraoperative frozen sections.

Ovarian cancer initially presenting with isolated ipsilateral superficial inguinal lymph node metastasis: a case study and review of the literature.

Isolated superficial inguinal metastases without any extended intra-abdominal spread is a rare event in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Here we report an isolated superficial inguinal metastasis in a patient with primary ovarian cancer. A 54-year-old Chinese patient with primary ovarian cancer, had an isolated painless enlarged right groin swelling (3×2cm) as the only manifestation, preoperative pathology confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Gynecologic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography of the abdominopelvic cavity revealed a 5-cm mixed, right adnexal mass. At exploratory laparotomy, there was little intra-abdominal tumor dissemination but 100 ml of faint yellow peritoneal fluid and a 5-cm right ovarian tumor with intact capsule. Staging operation was performed and postoperative pathology confirmed adenocarcinoma located within right ovarian, with no evidence of involvement of other sites. Then the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy for Stage IVB. Five years later, the patient is currently still alive without evidence of recurrent disease. This case indicate that ovarian carcinoma isn't a disease localized only within the intra-peritoneal cavity, isolated superficial inguinal lymph node metastasis might occur in rare cases via potential lymphatic and (or) hematogenous route under special conditions. We propose the need to investigate the possible mechanisms, risk factors, metastatic patterns, the biology and natural history of such patients in a large-scale and multicenter analysis. Furthermore, efforts should be made for earlier and differential diagnosis and finally prolong survival time for such patients.

A case of cystadenocarcinoma of the ectopic salivary gland: comparison of pre-operative ultrasound, CT and MR images with the pathological specimen.

Cystadenocarcinoma is a rare salivary gland tumour. Only a few case studies have provided pre-operative images of these tumours. This report demonstrates the case of a 28-year-old male with cystadenocarcinoma arising from an ectopic salivary gland with lymph node metastasis in the right upper neck. Ultrasound including Doppler images showed two masses with scant vascular flow. One was a hyperechoic mass enclosed within a low echoic cystic lesion and the other was a solid hypoechoic mass. Contrast enhancement CT scans demonstrated a ring enhanced mass and weakly homogeneous enhanced masses in the right upper neck. Dynamic studies showed increased enhancement in delayed phase CT that was the same as that in other malignant salivary gland tumours. Moderate to slightly high signal intensity was seen on T(1) weighted MR images and axial T(2) weighted MR images showed one heterogeneous mass in a high signal lesion and a moderate to high signal intensity mass. The authors discuss the pre-operative findings of ultrasound with Doppler imaging of this neoplasm, and CT findings including dynamic study images and MRI, comparing the findings with the post-operative pathological features of the tumour.

Cystadenocarcinoma arising from ovary in a three year old doberman bitch / Cistoadenocarcinoma derivado del ovario en una perra doberman de tres años

A three- year- old Doberman was presented with complaint of lethargy and weight- loss. Physical examination revealed a mass in the right abdomen. Laboratory abnormalities included anaemia, azotaemia and metabolic acidosis. Sonogram of the mass was an anaechoic area surrounded by hypoechoic tissue. The mass was located between the right kidney and ovary and showed papillary and tubular pattern of cystadenocarcinoma. Nephroureterectomy and ovariohysterectomy was performed; however bitch was euthanized owing to poor improvement, while necropsy of the left kidney revealed an end-stage kidney. It was concluded that the cystadenocarcinoma must have arisen secondary to a primary ovarian adenocarcinoma through stromal invasion.

Se presentó una perra doberman de tres años de edad aquejada de letargo y pérdida de peso. El examen físico reveló una masa en el abdomen derecho. El examen de laboratorio mostró anormalidades que incluyeron anemia, azotemia y acidosis metabólica. La ecografía de la masa mostró un área anecoica rodeada por tejido hipoecoico. La masa se localizó entre el riñón derecho y ovario y mostró el patrón papilar y tubular del cistoadenocarcinoma. Se realizó la nefroureterectomía y ovariohisterectomía, sin embargo la perra fue sacrificada debido a la falta de mejoría, donde la autopsia del riñón izquierdo reveló un riñón en etapa terminal. Se concluyó que el cistoadenocarcinoma debió haber surgido secundario a un adenocarcinoma primario de ovario a través de la invasión del estroma.

Paraaortic paraganglioma arising in an ovarian carcinoma patient mimicking lymph node metastasis.

Paragangliomas are rare tumors arising from the chromaffin cells in the autonomic nervous system. While they both occur most frequently along the paraaortic chain, paraganglioma and ovarian carcinoma very rarely occur together. A 61-year-old, post-menopausal woman visited our hospital, with complaints of abdominal pain and genital bleeding. Image analysis showed a 21 x 18 x 10 cm ovarian mass, and a 38 mm tumor at the paraaortic lesion. First, she underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the left ovary was found, and so a second surgery was performed. The paraaortic tumor was completely eliminated in spite of fluctuating blood pressure intraoperatively. Microscopic examination revealed that the paraaortic tumor was paraganglioma. She was ultimately diagnosed as having ovarian carcinoma stage Ia (FIGO) with coincident paraganglioma. If blood pressure fluctuation is observed during dissection of the paraaortic lymph node, paraganglioma should be suspected and blood pressure must be carefully controlled.

Guanylyl cyclase C is a specific marker for differentiating primary and metastatic ovarian mucinous neoplasms.

AIMS: The aim was to assess the value of GCC in distinguishing primary ovarian mucinous neoplasms from metastatic mucinous adenocarcinomas with ovarian involvement. Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) is a brush border membrane receptor for the endogenous peptides guanylin and uroguanylin, and the homologous diarrhoeagenic bacterial heat-stable enterotoxins that is selectively expressed by epithelial cells from the duodenum to the rectum, but not by normal epithelia of the stomach or oesophagus, or normal extramucosal cells in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty ovarian tumours: 27 primary ovarian mucinous neoplasms (seven cystadenomas, 10 borderline tumours and 10 cystadenocarcinomas) and 23 metastatic mucinous adenocarcinomas with ovarian involvement [13 colorectal adenocarcinomas, four gastric adenocarcinomas, six appendiceal mucinous tumours (four adenocarcinomas, one with neuroendocrine features, and two appendiceal mucinous cystadenomas)] were studied. For primary ovarian mucinous neoplasms, 25 of 27 were negative for GCC. Twelve of 13 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma (except for one neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma) were positive for GCC. Three of four appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinomas were positive for GCC in both the primary and metastatic tumours (except for one neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma). Two of two appendiceal mucinous cystadenomas were positive for GCC. Of four cases of gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian involvement, only one (primary tumour) exhibited focal GCC staining. CONCLUSIONS: GCC is a useful marker for differentiating between primary and secondary ovarian mucinous neoplasms.

Cell growth stimulation by CRASH, an asparaginase-like protein overexpressed in human tumors and metastatic breast cancers.

The gene encoding CRASH, a human asparaginase-like protein, has been cloned and its transcriptional activation has been detected in gynecologic cancers. To define the expression of CRASH in human tumors and its possible functional role, monoclonal antibodies against the CRASH protein have been generated. In non-transformed tissues CRASH was only detected in testis, brain, esophagus, prostate and proliferating endometrium. On the other hand, 36/50 ovarian carcinomas, 16/78 mammary carcinomas, 6/6 uroepithelial bladder carcinomas and 5/33 colon carcinomas scored positive for CRASH, with the absence of reactivity in the corresponding normal tissues. Strikingly, 11 out of the 16 breast cancers that expressed CRASH were metastatic, nominating CRASH to be functionally relevant in tumor progression. Twenty-eight out of 42 endometrium tumors expressed CRASH at high levels as did 5/41 prostate carcinomas, as well as ovary and breast cancers, indicating a regulation of CRASH expression by sex hormones. A bona fide estrogen responsive element was detected at bases -201/-183. This proved to be highly preserved across species, supporting an actual functional role. Asparaginase-like proteins play a role in growth regulation and signaling by p70 S6 kinase. The somatic knock-out of CRASH resulted in significant inhibition of growth of KM12L4A colon carcinoma cells, which abundantly express CRASH, whereas the proliferation of the syngeneic, weakly-expressing, slowly-growing KL12SM was not affected. These results are consistent with a selective growth advantage for aggressive cancers expressing CRASH, and nominate CRASH as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic tumor target.

Hepatic resection for recurrent metastatic ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND: The role for liver resection in metastatic ovarian cancer has not been defined. The aim of the current study was to investigate the validity of hepatic resection as a treatment option in metastatic ovarian cancer. METHODS: Retrospective review of a single institution's experience of patients undergoing hepatic resection for metastatic ovarian cancer from 1998-2006. RESULTS: Ten patients underwent resection for metastatic ovarian cancer. Primary tumor type included serous cystadenocarcinoma (n = 8), granulosa cell (n = 1), and yolk sac (n = 1). Median disease-free interval was 48 months. Liver resections included trisegmentectomy (n = 4), lobectomy (n = 4), and bisegmentectomy(n = 1). Additional surgeries included diaphragm resection (n = 60), bowel resection, (n = 30), and adrenalectomy (n = 10). The median overall survival following liver resection was 33 months. CONCLUSION: Liver resection for metastatic ovarian cancer is safe and is associated with long-term survival in some patients. Larger analysis may lead to the identification of prognostic factors associated with improved outcomes.

PIK3CA and PTEN mutations in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast metastatic to kidney.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast rarely metastasizes and has been associated with excellent prognosis. We describe a patient with renal metastasis of primary breast ACC 5 years after the mastectomy. A detailed molecular genetic analysis of the primary and metastatic tumors demonstrated somatic mutations in 2 well-known cancer genes associated with regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: (1) PIK3CA, which encodes the catalytic alpha subunit of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase, and (2) PTEN, which encodes phosphatase and tensin homolog. The mutation identified in PIK3CA (Ex1+169 A>C) predicts an amino acid change from isoleucine to methionine at codon 31 (I31M) and resides in the p85-binding domain of exon 1. The mutation identified in PTEN (IVS4-3 C>T) resides in intron 4 near the splice acceptor site of exon 5 and was associated with an aberrant PTEN transcript lacking exon 5, which is necessary for protein tyrosine phosphatase function and tumor suppressor properties of PTEN. Increased promoter methylation of PTEN was present in renal metastasis, coinciding with the decrease in the level of normal PTEN transcript. These coexistent mutations/epigenetic inactivations in PI3K/AKT pathway may be responsible for the unusually aggressive course of ACC.

Cystadenocarcinoma of the gallbladder.

Biliary cystadenocarcinomas are a very rare set of neoplasms that occur in the liver, the extrahepatic bile duct system, and occasionally in the gallbladder. We report on a 75-year-old man with a cystadenocarcinoma of the gallbladder who presented with mild abdominal discomfort and a palpable mass in the right upper abdomen. The diagnostic workup included ultrasound, magnetic resonance tomography, and fine needle core biopsy and revealed a multicystic tumor 16 cm in diameter. The patient underwent multivisceral resection of the tumor with a resection of the right colon, a partial resection of the stomach and the liver, and a lymph node dissection. The resected specimen weighed 2500 g and the final histopatholical diagnosis was a primary, moderately differentiated cystadenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with two lymph node metastases and invasion of the right colon. The patient remains without evidence of recurrence 12 months after surgery. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapeutic options, and classification of hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinomas are discussed.

[Cerebellar metastasis from ovarian carcinoma. A case report]. / Przerzut do mózdzku w przebiegu raka jajnika.

This report presents an unusual case of 40-year-old woman with complete locoregional remission of ovarian carcinoma, presented with a single cerebellar metastasis. Surgical excision of the cerebellar lesion, followed by brain irradiation, resulted in complete resolution of her symptoms.

Bilateral metastatic breast cancer as the first manifestation of ovarian cancer: case report.

BACKGROUND: Breast metastasis from primary ovarian cancer is extremely rare. The rarity of this finding may be the reason for its common misinterpretation as primary breast carcinoma. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: A university hospital. RESULTS: A case of a patient with primary ovarian papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma who initially presented with a solitary bilateral breast mass and abdominal distention is reported. CONCLUSIONS: Blood-borne metastasis from the ovary to the breast can show a varied clinical picture that should be differentiated from that of primary breast carcinoma.

Left trisegmentectomy and combined resection of the inferior vena cava, without reconstruction, for giant cystadenocarcinoma of the liver.

A 54-year-old woman with giant liver cystadenocarcinoma underwent left trisegmentectomy with combined resection of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the right hepatic vein. As a result, only the right inferior hepatic vein was preserved as a drainage vein. Because the perivertebral plexus and the azygos vein were both well developed, neither veno-venous bypass nor IVC reconstruction was performed. The developed collateral veins acted as the venous drainage pathway to maintain a stable systemic circulation. On the seventh postoperative day, portal vein flow dramatically decreased and the patient tended to liver failure. Prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) was administrated via the superior mesenteric artery. The portal flow then gradually increased and liver failure was avoided. Six months after the operation, she was re-admitted due to obstructive jaundice and presented with complete stenosis of the common bile duct (CBD). The jaundice persisted and liver dysfunction progressed. The patient died seven months after the operation. The confluence of the right inferior vein and the IVC could have been deformed, causing outflow blockade. The intrinsic shunt was not good enough to act as the drainage pathway, and IVC reconstruction may have been needed.

Metastatic lymph node impostor in pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma.

CONTEXT: Lymph node involvement in pancreatic cancer is a predictor of poor patient long-term survival. The detection of multiple metastatic peri-pancreatic nodes by EUS-FNA may dissuade the surgeon from undertaking a curative pancreatic resection. CASE REPORT: We report an interesting case of a man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, who presented with the diagnostic problem of a pancreatic solid-cystic lesion and multiple malignant-looking peri-pancreatic lymphadenopathy on EUS. EUS-FNA yielded chronic lymphocytic leukaemia involvement in the peri-pancreatic lymph nodes and a markedly elevated CEA in the cystic fluid. The absence of adenocarcinoma involvement of the lymph nodes prompted surgery on the pancreatic lesion with a curative intent. Pancreatic mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was diagnosed and a sub-total pancreatectomy was performed with clear resection margins. All 30 resected peri-pancreatic lymph nodes showed chronic lymphocytic leukemia involvement only. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates that abnormal lymphadenopathy adjacent to a primary pancreatic lesion may not necessarily be due to the latter. Systemic lymphoproliferative disease, as in this case, can masquerade as metastatic adenocarcinoma lymph nodes on EUS. EUS-FNA is useful in diagnosing lymphoproliferative disease.

Intrahepatic cystadenocarcinoma with pleural dissemination: a case report.

A 40-year-old Japanese woman, who previously had undergone choledocho-jejunostomy in childhood for a congenital choledocal cyst, presented with right-sided chest pain. Computed tomography and ultrasonography demonstrated a right pleural effusion and a 10-cm unilocular hepatic cystic lesion with no solid component. These findings suggested a non-neoplastic cyst or cystadenoma. However, intracystic fluid aspirated had high concentrations of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen. Cytology of the pleural effusion demonstrated malignant cells. During exploratory laparo- and thoracotomy, a hepatic cystadenocarcinoma with invasion of the diaphragm and pleural dissemination was discovered. This case demonstrates that malignancy should be ruled out when a patient with an intrahepatic unilocular cystic lesion presents with atypical symptoms and findings, such as chest pain, pleural effusion, and high serum concentration of tumor markers. We believe that intrahepatic cystic lesions should be approached aggressively, including the use of exploratory laparotomy/laparoscopy to be certain that cancer is not present.